264 – Production, Publication, Distribution, Manufacture, and Copyright Notice

Definition:
Statement relating to the publication, printing, distribution, issue, release, or production of work. Information in field 264 is similar to information in field 260 (Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint)).

Indicators & Subfields #

Entry #

The primary codes used in the 2nd Indicator are the 1 (Publication) and 4 (Copyright). Distribution (2) and Manufacture (3) are used occasionally when available from the source. In the below entries, we are using a 2nd Indicator of 1 unless otherwise noted for a copyright date.

$a – Place of production, publication, distribution, manufacture #

Enter the place of publication in $a as it appears on the source. This should correspond with the country code used in the Ctry fixed field. This should match your item in most cases, but allow for variations within the same country between printings of the same edition as well as variation in items with more than one place of publication. If more than one place of publication is involved, the first place on your piece should match the first place in the record. However, you can add the additional places in the same 264 field in a repeated $a.

Source Data	MARC Data
	The location of publication, production, etc., can usually be found on either the title page or the t.p. (title page) verso for monographs, and the container or disc for audiovisual material. In this example, we are entering a second indicator of 1 because we are entering the publication location. =264 \1 $a New York Ctry fixed field: nyu

Source Data	MARC Data
	On audiovisual containers, you might be able to find the location in the copyright data at the bottom of the cover. Use a 2nd Indicator of 1. =264 \1 $a Beverly Hills, California Ctry fixed field = cau

If the place of publication is not known, enter “Place of publication not identified” in brackets.

=264 \1$a[Place of publication not identified]

If the place of publication is taken from a source other than the chief source (item), enter it in brackets.

=264 \1$a[New York]
=264 \1$a[Toronto, Ontario]

$b – Name of producer, publisher, distributor, manufacturer #

Enter the name of the publisher as it appears on the preferred source in $b. The $b is preceded with a space-colon-space. This should match your item in most cases, but variations may occur if you are matching a multipart item or an item with more than one publisher. If the publisher on your item is part of the same organization as the publisher on the record, consider it a match.

=264 \1$a Waterville, Maine :$bThorndike Press, a part of Gale, a Cengage Company

Source Data	MARC Data
	The name of the publisher, producer, etc. maybe found on the title page, t.p. (title page) verso, or the container, or disc of audiovisual material. Enter the name from the source in the $b. The $b is preceded by a space-colon-space. =245 1\ $aThe 23rd midnight / $c James Patterson & Maxine Paetro =264 \1 $a New York : $b Little, Brown and Company

Source Data	MARC Data
	=245 00 $a X-Men, first class / $c Twentieth Century Fox presents… =264 \1 $a Beverly Hills, California : $b Twentieth Century Fox

If the name of the publisher is not known, enter “Publisher not identified” in brackets.

=264 \1$a Burbank, CA :$b[Publisher not identified]

$c – Date of production, publication, distribution, manufacture, or copyright notice #

Enter the date of publication, production, or copyright date in $c. The $c is preceded by a comma-space. In a 264 field with a 2nd Indicator of a 1, 2, or 3, the date in the $c should match the fixed field Date1. The DtSt fixed field code should correspond with the dates as well. The $c in the 264 must match your item unless the date is in brackets or has question marks.

If the source lists both a publication date and copyright date but they are different, you will need to enter the publication date in a 264 /1 $c and the copyright date in a 264 \4 $c.

Source Data

MARC Data

In this example, we are looking at the T.P. Verso of a copy of the Inheritance Games by Jennifer Lynn Barnes. Since there is a noted difference in publication date and copyright date on the item, we need to use two $c’s. The first will be in a 264 \1 and include the publication date. The second will be in a 264 \4 and include the copyright date. The 264 \4 only uses a $c and includes the copyright symbol. © = Alt + 0169 =264 \1 $a New York : $b Little, Brown and Company, $c 2021. =264 \4 $c ©2020

If the item includes a copyright date, but not a publication date, infer the publication date from the copyright date. In the 264 field with a 2nd Indicator of 1, 2, or 3, enter the date in the $c in brackets, and duplicate the date in a 264 field with a 2nd Indicator of 4. Use the copyright © symbol before the copyright date.

=245 10$aBook lovers /$cEmily Henry.
=264 \1$aNew York :$bJove/Berkley,$c[2022]
=264 \4$c©2022
Fixed Field DtSt: s
Fixed Field Date1: 2022

Source Data

MARC Data

On the back of this audiobook, we find a phonogram/copyright date of 2022, but no specific date of publication. We will infer the publication date to be 2022 and use brackets within the 264 with a 1st Indicator of 1 and $c. The location of publication is in brackets because it was not taken from the chief source (item). Since we are dealing with an audiobook format, the copyright symbol is replaced with the phonogram ℗ symbol in the 264 \4 $c. Remember that this particular field does not end in a period. =264 \1 $a [Prince Frederick, Maryland] : $b Recorded Books, Inc., $c [2022] =264 \4 $c ℗2022

Allowed Variations #

• Variations in the publisher name may be acceptable when there is a known connection between a publisher and their imprints (e.g., Penguin and their children’s paperback line, Puffin). If this is the only difference between your item and the MARC record, consider it a match. Add a second 264 \1 with the imprint/publisher information.

Acceptable variations include but are not limited to:

• Penguin Young Readers Group and Dial Books for Young Readers
• Del Rey and Random House
• Doubleday and Random House Children’s Books
• Feiwel & Friends and Macmillan Children’s Publishing Group
• Little, Brown and Company and Hachette
• Katherine Tegan Books and HarperCollins Children’s Books

A very useful resource is the Big Five Publishers website. It breaks down the big five publisher names into their various imprints.

• Many corporations (such as Scholastic) that publish their own “version” of a title that were originally published by another company are often identical internally to their original versions and have the same pagination and the same publication and/or copyright date. They usually have their own ISBN. Add your holdings for these versions of a book to the record for the original version despite the difference in publisher and ISBN if the publication date and all of the description in the 300 field match. Add the new ISBN and use the $q to note the publishing corporation or organization.

=020 \\$a9780803741447 $q (hardcover)
=020 \\$a0803741448 $q (hardcover)
=020 \\$a9780593531129 $q (Dolly Parton Imagination Library)
=245 1\$aDrop : $ban adventure through the water cycle /$cEmily Kate Moon.
=264 \1$aNew York : $bDial Books for Young Readers,$c2021.

• If a back catalog title has been acquired by or leased to another publisher/distributor, but all other matchpoints are the same, including the ISBN, then a second 264 field with the alternate house may be added to the record as well as your holding. Since it is the latest or current publication, we use a 1st Indicator of 3 and a 2nd Indicator of 1. The publication dates are unknown, so placed in brackets and a 264 \4 $c is included.

=264 \1$aNew York : $b Marshall Cavendish, $c [2006]
=264 31$aSeattle, WA : $bTwo Lions Publishing, $c[2006]
=264 \4$c©2006

Punctuation #

• No spaces are used between letters of initials, including adjacent initials in personal names.
• The $c in a 264 \1 ends in a period unless it ends in a bracket or other form of terminal punctuation.
• The $c in a 264 \4 does not end in terminal punctuation.